21 Easy Desert Plants for Your Yard

Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia compressa)

A cold-hardy choice for Northern gardens is prickly pear cactus, which becomes 12 inches tall at maturity. In fact, as much as it resembles something you’d find in a hot, arid desert, this plant is native to the northeastern United States and can be grown as far north as zone 4. The fruit is edible.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9
• Color Varieties: Yellow
• Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
• Soil Needs: Well-drained; excellent choice for xeriscaping

Peruvian Apple Cactus (Cereus peruvianus)

Peruvian apple cactus also bears an edible fruit, but it isn’t as hardy as prickly pear (only to zone 8). It is considered a type of night-blooming cereus. Grow it in a pot if you live north of zone 8, so you can overwinter it indoors. It can grow up to 30 feet tall in the wild but will stay much shorter when container-grown. Any night-blooming cereus is a great choice for moon gardens.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 11
• Color Varieties: White, pink
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Autumn Joy Stonecrop (Hylotelephium telephium ‘Herbstfreude’)

Another cold-hardy plant (to zone 3), this succulent stands 1.5 to 2 feet tall at maturity. A long-time favorite, the traditional plant is grown more for its impressive flower clusters than for its foliage.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9
• Color Varieties: Pink, rust red
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Autumn Charm Stonecrop (Hylotelephium ‘Autumn Charm’)

If you like ‘Autumn Joy’ but want a plant with more attractive foliage, you can grow the similar ‘Autumn Charm’. It has flowers like those of ‘Autumn Joy’ but sports variegated leaves (green, with lighter edges).

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9
• Color Varieties: Pink, rust red
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Dragon’s Blood Stonecrop (Sedum spurium ‘Dragon’s Blood’)

For a different look altogether in a stonecrop, try ‘Dragon’s Blood’. This is a 6-inch, sprawling succulent with reddish leaves and pink flowers. The foliage is at its most intense red in spring and often becomes totally green by summer. For a cultivar that has good foliage color with more staying power, try ‘Bronze Carpet’, which keeps its bronze color deeper into the growing season.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9
• Color Varieties: Pink
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Black Rose Tree Houseleek (Aeonium arboreum ‘Zwartkop’)

Aeonium is not really a tree, but it is a taller plant you can use to complement such plants as ‘Dragon’s Blood.’ Take advantage of this stature and place it in the center or to the back of a grouping of succulents so that it serves as a focal point. Grow it in a container in the North so you can bring it indoors for the winter.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11
• Sun Exposure: Full to partial sun
• Height: 3 to 4 feet
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Adam’s Needle (Yucca filamentosa)

Yucca is related to many of the cacti and succulents and provides another cold-hardy choice for that “desert” look. Adam’s needle is a shrub, but it’s treated as a perennial plant. It’s hard to say whether gardeners like the foliage (blade-like leaves adorned with spines and filaments) or flowers (nodding, white bells that grow along stalks that reach 4 to 8 feet tall) better; both features have their admirers and detractors. When not in bloom, the clumps are 2 to 3 feet tall.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 5 to 10
• Color Varieties: White
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained; excellent choice for xeriscaping

Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia)

Another type of Yucca is the Joshua tree, but it couldn’t be much more different from Adam’s Needle than it is. Joshua tree is a true desert plant, even though it is reasonably hardy (to zone 6). This iconic plant of the Mojave Desert can get quite tall (15 to 30 feet).

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 10
• Color Varieties: White
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Century Plant (Agave americana)

Although they look like cacti, with their thick, pointed leaves terminating in a spine, Agave plants aren’t cacti. They’re just another type of succulent. Many kinds sport attractive, blue-gray foliage. They’re grown mainly for their foliar color and nicely symmetrical leaves, not their flowers. Most are suited only to warm environments. Agave americana grows 3 to 6 feet tall as a potted plant in the North. It grows taller in the wild but usually stays shorter in cold climates. 

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 10
• Color Varieties: Greenish-yellow; rarely flowers
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Wax Agave (Echeveria agavoides)

There are various kinds of Echeveria. Many are too small to have much of a visual impact from a distance so are best suited to rock gardens, where they’re intended to be viewed up-close. For example, Echeveria agavoides is only 5 inches tall. It bears pink to red flowers but is grown mainly for its foliage.

Echeveria agavoides is so named because the leaves are reminiscent of Agave. It’s also commonly called “hen and chicks plant” for the way offsets (the chicks) are naturally propagated from the mother plant (the hen), but this common name is more properly reserved for Sempervivum tectorum.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11
• Color Varieties: Red, pink
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Hen and Chicks (Sempervivum tectorum)

Sempervivum tectorum is also a great choice for a rock garden, due to its small size (usually about 6 inches tall). Beginners will have trouble telling the difference between Echeveria and Sempervivum. Both have rounded, succulent leaves, form rosettes, and spread via offsets. For a positive identification, take a close look: The leaves of Sempervivum have little teeth on their margins, while those of Echeveria are smooth.

Despite resembling each other so closely, there’s a world of difference between the two: Sempervivum is hardy all the way to zone 3, while Echeveria is a tropical plant that will die in the North if left outside over the winter.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8
• Color Varieties: Green leaves that sometimes turn red
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Aloe Vera (formerly Aloe barbadensis)

“Aloe vera” is used as both a common and a botanical name for this popular succulent. Even non-gardeners have heard of it thanks to its medicinal properties. If you crush a leaf of it, a gel oozes out that makes for a soothing skin salve. It becomes 1 to 2 feet tall at maturity but, in the North, usually stays on the shorter side for many years. Since it isn’t hardy, it’s best grown in a pot in the North so you can bring it indoors easily in winter.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 10 to 12
• Color Varieties: Yellow, red, orange
• Sun Exposure: Indirect sunlight indoors, full sun to partial sun outdoors
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Rainbow Bitterroot (Lewisia cotyledon ‘Rainbow’)

Eight inches tall when in bloom, bitterroot is another succulent that’s cold-hardy. But this plant is grown more for its flowers than for its foliage. If you buy the Rainbow Mix you can enjoy a variety of colors. Providing soil that drains sharply is critical to its health. It will suffer from crown rot in cold climates if its crown sits below ground level and/or the crown stays wet for long periods. Mimic the dry, rocky scree of its native habitat in your rock garden, and you’ll enjoy a color explosion. For some gardeners, it will be easier to reproduce these conditions by growing it as a container plant. It doesn’t require fertilization, which means less work for you.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 5 to 8
• Color Varieties: Salmon, white, orange, pink, rose, yellow
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Angelina Stonecrop (Sedum rupestre ‘Angelina’)

A “desert” plant that gives you the option of a cold-hardy ground cover, this succulent is another type of stonecrop. While it does produce yellow flowers, most gardeners grow it for its foliage, which ranges from chartreuse to golden. ‘Angelina’ spreads over time, but usually not vigorously enough to become a problem (after all, the ability to spread is often a desirable feature in a ground cover). It grows 4 to 6 inches tall.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9
• Color Varieties: Yellow
• Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora)

Moss rose is the exception among these succulents: It’s an annual. Use it as a summer ground cover, or grow it in a hanging basket. Its flowers come in numerous colors. It grows 3 to 9 inches tall, blooms throughout the growing season, and readily reseeds in the garden. Moss rose flourishes in poor soil.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: Annual, but reseeds in zones 2 to 11
• Color Varieties: White, purple, pink, yellow, orange
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Candelabra Cactus (Myrtillocactus cochal)

Candelabra cactus gives you a taller option (10 feet), but it’s not very cold-hardy. Grow it in a pot in the North and install it outdoors as a focal point for the summer. The ivory flowers are a nice bonus, but this is primarily an architectural specimen.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11
• Color Varieties: Ivory
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Sandy, infertile

Red Bird of Paradise (Caesalpinia pulcherrima)

Another plant with some height (6 feet) for your desert landscape is red bird of paradise. This shrub truly is a desert plant: It grows in the Mojave Desert region. Its colorful flowers make a dramatic statement in the yard, but it has only moderate cold-hardiness.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 11
• Color Varieties: Orange
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Pink Fairy Duster (Calliandra eriophylla)

A shrub similar in cold-hardiness, native range (Mexico, southwestern U.S.), and floral impact is fairy duster. In warm climates it reaches 5 feet tall, but in the North it may reach only 1 foot tall. Besides the pink version, there’s also a red type: Baja fairy duster (Calliandra californica).

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 11
• Color Varieties: Pink
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Column Cactus (Pilosocereus royenii)

This cactus gives you a tall (6 to 12 feet), columnar option with a classic desert look. In the North, grow it in a container and use it as a focal point outdoors during the summer.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11
• Color Varieties: White
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained

Barrel Cactus (Echinocactus or Ferocactus)

Barrel cacti are known for their thick round stem structure and thick spines. The different species of this popular desert plant range from short, squat plants to 10-foot-tall giants. Their compact form facilitates their use as houseplants when you have to overwinter them indoors.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 10
• Color Varieties: Yellow
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained, fertile

Cooper’s Hardy Ice Plant (Delosperma cooperi)

Cooper’s Hardy ice plant (1 to 2 inches tall) is a succulent perennial. It needs soil that drains very sharply. Just meet this requirement, and watch it spread. Spaced initially 15 to 18 inches apart, plants will spread to fill in their allotted space over time. Spreading is quicker the more thoroughly you meet the plants’ sun and soil requirements.

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
• Color Varieties: Purple
• Sun Exposure: Full sun
• Soil Needs: Well-drained